Editorial

 

By Thomas Gilly

 

Each of the three articles we have collected in the second issue of our 3rd Volume engages in a debate about issues that are currently discussed in the criminological and criminal justice literature.

Violent crime in rural life, prostitution and terrorism – these are the issues that are central to the papers we have collected in this issue. At first glance, the issues’ banality holds for the lack of innovating approaches. On this account, the articles we have collected might be suspected to copy that what has been already studied in depth and to offer old things veiled in new colors.

Such a suspicion – however legitimate it may be at first glance, is contradicted by the particular nature of the cultural context against the background of which each of the issues is discussed and by the intellectually highly exciting enterprise that consists of either testing the empirical relevance of theory within a particular cultural context or engaging a philosophical debate about politically relevant crime and criminal justice issues.

 

Crime in rural areas is an issue that has received little attention. Even if social disorganization theory has become increasingly relevant for the explanation of and the structural approach to crime, it has long since been assumed that this theory applies to urban areas.

By shifting social disorganization theory’s focal centre from the urban to the rural area of Virginia and West Virginia and by examining traditional measures of social disorganization theory, as well as variables related to the systemic reformulation of social disorganization theory, using 2000 U.S. Census data, Sheryl L. Van Horne offers with “Violent Crime and Rural Life. A Test of Social Disorganization Theory in Virginia and West Virginia Counties” offers a theoretically consistent and empirically well elaborated study that innovates in more than one regards.

 

“Prostitution in India; Issues and Topics” by K.  Jaishankar and D. Haldar provides for an in-depth analytical review of the history of prostitution, factors of prostitution magnitude of the problem and the current issues and trends of the phenomenon in India.

Given the circumstance that prostitution has become the object of an intense international mainstreaming campaign that is working for the social and political acceptance of the profitable sex industries, there is hardly need to point at the criminological and ethical relevance of the issue.

By analyzing the magnitude, the economic causes and the cultural roots of prostitution by women and children of both sexes in India, and by investigating the various causes and reasons for little or not working solutions to one of the biggest social problem in India, the authors of this article demonstrate a strong commitment to international and comparative criminology.

 

It has been assumed that the US Administration and the British Government, to justify the military intervention in Iraq, have tricked their citizens’ trust in them and sloped past the UNO by producing frail pieces of conviction and false allegations, the circumstance that the decision to go into war against Iraq came rapidly to the fore of the legal debate being put beside.

Obviously the military intervention has been and still is a highly controversial issue both with regards to its legitimacy and its legality.

Traditionally there has been very little attention given to the ethics of political decision-making and the ethically just or unjust nature of political decision making that culminates into war is an issue which has never been central to the public debate. Given that – however controversial, the fight against terrorism has become central to the politics of war, and considering – however controversial, the relevance of ethical considerations for the public terrorism debate, ethics’ extrapolation from the focus of the debate is somehow paradoxical.

Did you have ever heard about the project that consists of the establishment of an objective and universally valid moral norm that is rooted in reason? Even if Kant is not its inventor, the philosopher is traditionally considered as the project’s most important builder and representative. The same project is central to the ethics of Jürgen Hagerman that, in more than one regards, differ from the original.

Why the decision to go into war against Iraq can be thought as of an objective and universally valid norm of just action in regards to Kant’s categorical imperative and why the same issue can never pretend to be a universal norm with reference to the scheme developed by Habermas?

The whole debate about Kant’ relevance for terrorism and related issues is outlined in these two cardinal questions.

My essay “What has Kant to do with terrorism” discusses the relevance of Kant’s moral philosophy and of Kant’s Science of Law for issues that are central to the actual debate about terrorism. The issue is discussed against the background of Habermas’ discourse ethics. Kant’s critical comments on the legality of revolution and Kant’s deconstruction of the right of resistance are the issues which are central to the discussion.